{"id":2677,"date":"2025-03-20T23:04:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T23:04:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/heat\/"},"modified":"2025-11-20T22:07:10","modified_gmt":"2025-11-20T22:07:10","slug":"heat","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/heat\/","title":{"rendered":"Heat"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2677\" class=\"elementor elementor-2677 elementor-2044\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-816453d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"816453d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;video&quot;,&quot;background_play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-014c765 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"014c765\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">HEAT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba8a2e7 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"ba8a2e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Sources <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 256C8 119 119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248-111 248-248 248S8 393 8 256zm231-113.9L103.5 277.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L256 226.9l101.6 101.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l17-17c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L273 142.1c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-34 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 137-111 248-248 248S8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248zM273 369.9l135.5-135.5c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-17-17c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L256 285.1 154.4 183.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L239 369.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 34 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1950\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b334ea1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b334ea1\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a7adc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0a7adc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The <strong>Earth<\/strong> is a planet characterized by high internal temperature and constantly releases approximately <strong>44 TW<\/strong> (terawatts) of heat. This thermal energy comes mainly from two sources: the natural <strong>decay<\/strong> of radioactive elements present in rocks (such as uranium, thorium, and potassium) and the residual <strong>primordial heat<\/strong>, accumulated during the planet&#8217;s formation approximately <strong>4.5 billion<\/strong> years ago. Among these, radioactive decay represents the main mechanism of heat production within the Earth&#8217;s crust.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee1a6ea elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"ee1a6ea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/radioattivo_alpha.webm\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" muted=\"muted\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Heat Distribution <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 256C8 119 119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248-111 248-248 248S8 393 8 256zm231-113.9L103.5 277.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L256 226.9l101.6 101.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l17-17c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L273 142.1c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-34 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 137-111 248-248 248S8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248zM273 369.9l135.5-135.5c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-17-17c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L256 285.1 154.4 183.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L239 369.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 34 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1951\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa30140 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aa30140\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dc0570 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6dc0570\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The heat emitted is greater in oceanic areas and lower in continental ones. In particular, we can find high heat flows at the boundaries of <strong>tectonic plates<\/strong> where volcanoes arise and most earthquakes originate. The heat emitted by the Earth&#8217;s crust is expressed in quantities of milliwatts per square meter (mW\/m<sup>2<\/sup>).<br><br>The average amount of heat emitted by the Earth&#8217;s crust is approximately <strong>90 mW\/m<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-995948b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"995948b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjY3MSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1bHNlLmluZ3YuaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAzXC9NQVBQQS1DQUxPUkUucG5nIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3862\" height=\"2145\" src=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2671\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE.png 3862w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE-300x167.png 300w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE-1024x569.png 1024w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE-768x427.png 768w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE-1536x853.png 1536w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/MAPPA-CALORE-2048x1137.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3862px) 100vw, 3862px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b80d9f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b80d9f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Heat flow distribution (International Heat Flow Commission)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Temperature <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-up\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M8 256C8 119 119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248-111 248-248 248S8 393 8 256zm231-113.9L103.5 277.6c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9l17 17c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0L256 226.9l101.6 101.6c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 33.9 0l17-17c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9L273 142.1c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-34 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-chevron-circle-down\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M504 256c0 137-111 248-248 248S8 393 8 256 119 8 256 8s248 111 248 248zM273 369.9l135.5-135.5c9.4-9.4 9.4-24.6 0-33.9l-17-17c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0L256 285.1 154.4 183.5c-9.4-9.4-24.6-9.4-33.9 0l-17 17c-9.4 9.4-9.4 24.6 0 33.9L239 369.9c9.4 9.4 24.6 9.4 34 0z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1952\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-880f9c3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"880f9c3\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a8b841 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a8b841\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The temperature of planet Earth increases with depth.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13333c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"13333c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Illustrazione-IRGIE-per-PULSE-Interno-della-Terra-con-profondita.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjY1NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1bHNlLmluZ3YuaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAyXC9JbGx1c3RyYXppb25lLUlSR0lFLXBlci1QVUxTRS1JbnRlcm5vLWRlbGxhLVRlcnJhLWNvbi1wcm9mb25kaXRhLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1019\" src=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Illustrazione-IRGIE-per-PULSE-Interno-della-Terra-con-profondita.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-2655\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Illustrazione-IRGIE-per-PULSE-Interno-della-Terra-con-profondita.png 2000w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Illustrazione-IRGIE-per-PULSE-Interno-della-Terra-con-profondita-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Illustrazione-IRGIE-per-PULSE-Interno-della-Terra-con-profondita-1024x522.png 1024w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Illustrazione-IRGIE-per-PULSE-Interno-della-Terra-con-profondita-768x391.png 768w, https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Illustrazione-IRGIE-per-PULSE-Interno-della-Terra-con-profondita-1536x783.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9618c4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b9618c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the Earth&#8217;s crust it normally increases by approximately 30\u00b0C every kilometer (km). In volcanic areas it can be greater than 150\u00b0C every km. Volcanoes, earthquakes, but also <strong>thermal springs<\/strong>, <strong>bubbling pools<\/strong>, <strong>geysers<\/strong> and <strong>fumaroles<\/strong>, are <strong>expressions<\/strong> of the internal <strong>heat<\/strong> of the <strong>Earth<\/strong> and of the <strong>geothermal<\/strong> <strong>energy<\/strong> contained within it.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-847cd05 elementor-absolute elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"847cd05\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;absolute&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dpopup%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjc1NCwidG9nZ2xlIjpmYWxzZX0%3D\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Livello_1\" viewBox=\"0 0 104 178\"><defs><style>      .st0 {        fill: #f78f47;      }    <\/style><\/defs><polygon points=\"2 151.7 2 26.9 26.3 2.4 102 77.9 102 100.1 26.3 175.6 2 151.7\"><\/polygon><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M26.3,3.8l74.7,74.5v21.3L26.3,174.2l-23.3-22.9V27.3L26.3,3.8M26.3,1L1,26.5v125.6l25.3,24.9,76.7-76.5v-23L26.3,1h0Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>HEAT Heat Sources The Earth is a planet characterized by high internal temperature and constantly releases approximately 44 TW (terawatts) of heat. This thermal energy comes mainly from two sources: the natural decay of radioactive elements present in rocks (such as uranium, thorium, and potassium) and the residual primordial heat, accumulated during the planet&#8217;s formation [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2677","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2677","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2677"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2677\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2789,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2677\/revisions\/2789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2677"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}