{"id":2707,"date":"2025-03-20T22:49:30","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T22:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/heat\/thermal-waters\/"},"modified":"2025-12-18T09:25:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-18T09:25:21","slug":"thermal-waters","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/heat\/thermal-waters\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal Waters"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2707\" class=\"elementor elementor-2707 elementor-2031\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87cd37d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"87cd37d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ee5934 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ee5934\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">THERMAL WATERS<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bedcfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"0bedcfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;video_type&quot;:&quot;hosted&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;play_on_mobile&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;mute&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;controls&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-hosted-video elementor-wrapper elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<video class=\"elementor-video\" src=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/acque_01.webm\" autoplay=\"\" loop=\"\" controls=\"\" muted=\"muted\" playsinline=\"\" controlsList=\"nodownload\"><\/video>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a524a9a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a524a9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>These are underground waters that naturally emerge at the surface with a temperature higher than the annual average air temperature of the location where they spring, generally above <strong>20\u00b0C<\/strong>. They are often enriched with dissolved elements and gases that give them therapeutic properties. Thermal waters have been widely used for balneological purposes since ancient times. Italy is very rich in thermal waters and has a deep tradition in balneology dating back to ancient Roman times.<br>Globally, there are <strong>tens of thousands<\/strong> of thermal springs, with a significant concentration along the Italian Tyrrhenian margin, where numerous active and inactive volcanic districts are located.   <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-883a7e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"883a7e4\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13821e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"13821e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600px\" src=\"https:\/\/api.mapbox.com\/styles\/v1\/lucascarlatta\/cm7t0b1h800b801s8g9a13le7.html?title=false&amp;access_token=pk.eyJ1IjoibHVjYXNjYXJsYXR0YSIsImEiOiJjbDFrb3dudzQwMDVrM2lrYTZmMTliaGxoIn0.ANev6OuwkmTczt-H5NeuKg&amp;zoomwheel=false#2\/38\/-34\" title=\"INGV \/ PULSE\" style=\"border:none;\"><\/iframe>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b153445 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b153445\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Global distribution of thermal springs (blue dots), Pliocene and Holocene volcanoes (orange triangles), and plate boundaries (pink lines).<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96598e6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"96598e6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Credits <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1570\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d443a3e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d443a3e\" data-element_type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ad06a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6ad06a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Thermal springs:<\/strong> Tamburello, G., Chiodini, G., Ciotoli, G., Procesi, M. et al. Nat. Commun.   13, 6378 (2022)<br><strong>Volcanoes:<\/strong> https:\/\/volcano.si.edu\/<br><strong>Plate boundaries:<\/strong> https:\/\/hub.arcgis.com\/datasets<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8cb7e2 elementor-skin-carousel elementor-widget elementor-widget-media-carousel\" data-id=\"a8cb7e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_per_view&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;slides_to_scroll&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;skin&quot;:&quot;carousel&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;space_between&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_between_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;space_between_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:10,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"media-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-main-swiper swiper\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"Slides\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alexey-komissarov-1-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a8cb7e2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjcxMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1bHNlLmluZ3YuaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAyXC9hbGV4ZXkta29taXNzYXJvdi0xLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhOGNiN2UyIn0%3D\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Alexey-Komissarov\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/alexey-komissarov-1-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Bagni-di-San-Filippo-Toscana-tra-la-Val-d_Orcia-e-il-Monte-Amiata-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a8cb7e2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjcxMiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1bHNlLmluZ3YuaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAyXC9CYWduaS1kaS1TYW4tRmlsaXBwby1Ub3NjYW5hLXRyYS1sYS1WYWwtZF9PcmNpYS1lLWlsLU1vbnRlLUFtaWF0YS1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYThjYjdlMiJ9\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Bagni-di-San-Filippo---Tuscany-between-Val-d_Orcia-and-Monte-Amiata\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Bagni-di-San-Filippo-Toscana-tra-la-Val-d_Orcia-e-il-Monte-Amiata-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/mexixo-1-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a8cb7e2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjcxMywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1bHNlLmluZ3YuaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAyXC9tZXhpeG8tMS1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYThjYjdlMiJ9\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Mexixo\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/mexixo-1-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/saturnia-1-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a8cb7e2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjcxNCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1bHNlLmluZ3YuaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAyXC9zYXR1cm5pYS0xLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiJhOGNiN2UyIn0%3D\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Saturnia\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/saturnia-1-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/sorgente-termale-pamukkale-turkey-1-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"a8cb7e2\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjcxNSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3B1bHNlLmluZ3YuaXRcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjVcLzAyXC9zb3JnZW50ZS10ZXJtYWxlLXBhbXVra2FsZS10dXJrZXktMS1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiYThjYjdlMiJ9\">\t\t<div class=\"elementor-carousel-image\" role=\"img\" aria-label=\"Thermal-Spring-Pamukkale-Turkey\" style=\"background-image: url(&#039;https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/sorgente-termale-pamukkale-turkey-1-scaled.jpg&#039;)\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fec98fa elementor-fixed e-transform elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon\" data-id=\"fec98fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_position&quot;:&quot;fixed&quot;,&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:180,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_rotateZ_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;deg&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"icon.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon\" href=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dpopup%3Aopen%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjc1NCwidG9nZ2xlIjpmYWxzZX0%3D\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"Livello_1\" viewBox=\"0 0 104 178\"><defs><style>      .st0 {        fill: #f78f47;      }    <\/style><\/defs><polygon points=\"2 151.7 2 26.9 26.3 2.4 102 77.9 102 100.1 26.3 175.6 2 151.7\"><\/polygon><path class=\"st0\" d=\"M26.3,3.8l74.7,74.5v21.3L26.3,174.2l-23.3-22.9V27.3L26.3,3.8M26.3,1L1,26.5v125.6l25.3,24.9,76.7-76.5v-23L26.3,1h0Z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>THERMAL WATERS https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/acque_01.webm These are underground waters that naturally emerge at the surface with a temperature higher than the annual average air temperature of the location where they spring, generally above 20\u00b0C. They are often enriched with dissolved elements and gases that give them therapeutic properties. Thermal waters have been widely used for balneological purposes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2677,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2707","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2707"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2815,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2707\/revisions\/2815"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2677"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pulse.ingv.it\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2707"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}